英语主谓一致就近原则与单数谓语的使用技巧
1. 就近原则定义
在英语语法中,“就近原则”是指在某些情况下,当句子中存在多个名词或代词作为主语时,谓语动词的形式会根据最近的那个名词或代词来决定,而不是考虑整体的数量或形式。
2. 单数谓语概述
单数谓语指的是谓语动词的形式用于描述一个单一的事物或个体。在英语中,单数谓语通常以“-s”或“-es”结尾,用于表示第三人称单数(he/she/it)或不可数名词的状态或行为。
3. 常见的就近情况
* 当主语由with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, except, including等引导的短语构成时,谓语动词的数与前面主语保持一致。
* 在“there be”句型中,当主语是多个名词时,be动词的形式根据最近的那个名词的数来决定。
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4. 单数谓语的使用
单数谓语主要用于描述一个单独的实体或事物,如一个人、一个动物或一件物品。在句子中,当主语是单数名词或表示单个概念的名词短语时,谓语动词应使用单数形式。
5. 就近原则与主谓一致
在遵循就近原则的情况下,主谓一致是指句子的主语与谓语在数上要保持一致。例如,在“He as well as I is going to the party.”这句话中,尽管“I”是复数,但根据就近原则,“he”是最近的主语,所以谓语动词使用单数形式“is”。
6. 就近原则的例外
虽然大多数情况下遵循就近原则,但也有例外。例如,当主语后面跟有由as much as, as many as, no less than, along with, in addition to, rather than, more than等词引导的短语时,谓语动词通常与前面的主语保持一致,而不是根据最近的主语来决定。
7. 单数谓语与复数名词
尽管在某些情况下,复数名词可能看起来像是整体,但实际上在语法上可能被视为单数。例如,“the United Nations”是一个组织名称,但在语法上通常被视作单数,因此其后的谓语也应使用单数形式。
8. 避免混淆的技巧
* 仔细分析句子结构,特别是主语的构成。
* 注意识别句子中的介词短语或从句,它们可能不影响谓语动词的数。
* 熟悉常见的就近原则和主谓一致的规则与例外。
* 在不确定的情况下,尝试重构句子,使其更加清晰易懂。
一、单项选择题
1. Neither my brother nor I _______ fond of playing football.
A. am
B. is
C. are
D. be
2. The teacher as well as the students _______ discussing the project.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
3. Together with his sister, he _______ to the cinema.
A. goes
B. go
C. is going
D. are going
4. Not only the students but also the teacher _______ happy with the result.
A. is
B. are
C. were
D. was
5. The number of the students in our class, as well as the number of the girls, _______ over 50.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
二、简答题
1. Explain the就近原则 and give an example.
2. How do you determine whether to use a singular or plural verb with collective nouns?
3. Identify the subject and the verb in the following sentence and explain why the Verb is used in that form: "With my parents, I enjoy reading books."
4. List three common exceptions to the proximity rule in English grammar.
5. Why is it important to be aware of the proximity rule and subject-verb agreement when writing or speaking English?
