定语从句的介词和关系词和关系代词that的用法
1. 介词+关系词
(1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
(2)that前不能有介词。
(3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词 +关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如:
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?
Do you re member the day when you joined our club?
6. as, which 非限定性 定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首也可在句中,which在句中。例如:
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来,这对我们人类很重要。
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as 注意事项:
(1)非限定性定语从句 as 正如, 就像。
(2)限定性定语从句前面有the same, such, so
2. 关系代词that的用法
(1)不用that的情况
①引导非限定性定语从句时。例如:
(错)The tree, that is four hund red years old, is very famous here.
② 介词后不能用。例如:
We depend on the land from which we get our fo od. 我们依赖土地获得食物。
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
① 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。
② 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
③ 先行词有the only, the very修饰时,只用that。
④ 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。.
⑤ 先行词既有人,又有物时。例如:
All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线 ,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
After graduating from high school, I'm going to be computer programmer, which I think is on great demand in the modern world. Moreover, my parents would like me to study medicine. They believe here are two reasons for being a doctor. One is that doctors usually deal with patients in person, which mean they are able to help people in need direct. The other is that doctors are so important that it is almost impossible for it to lose jobs. Up to now I have chatted with my parents for three time. To my disappointment, I was failed to persuade them. Now I am confusing about how to solve the problem.
【答案】1) be后加a
2) on→in
3) Moreover→However
4) here→there
5) mean →means
6) direct →directly
7) it →them
8) time →times
9)去掉was
10) confusing →confused
【解析】
【分析】本文为记叙文。作者高中毕业后在选择专业方面与家长有不同意见,因无法说服父母而困惑。
【详解】1)考查冠词。后为computer programmer,是可数名词,此处为泛指,前面需要加冠词。且programmer首字母发音为辅音音素。故在be后加a。
2)考查固定搭配。根据句意“ 我要成为一名电脑程序员,我认为这在现代社会是很受欢迎的”。in demand表示“受欢迎,非常需要”符合句意。on demand表示“见票即付”,含义混淆。故将on改为in。
3) 考查连词,根据句意“然而,我的父母想让我学习医学”可知,此处为转折关系。故将Moreover改为However。
4)考查there be句型,there be 表示“有”,故将here改成there。
5)考查谓语动词主谓一致。该句为非限性定语从句,先行词为前面整个句子,谓语动词应用单数。故将mean 改为means。
6)考查副词。directly 作副词修饰动词help,故将 direct 改成directly。
7)考查代词。固定句式: It is impossible for sb. to do sth,此处代词指代doctors,应用them,故将 it 改为them。
8)考查名词单复数,time 表示次数时是可数名词,三次three times,故将 time 改为times。
9) 考查动词固定搭配,fail to do sth.表示“失败,未做成某事”。故将was去掉。
10) 考查形容词化的分词形式,confused 表示“困惑的”,用来形容人; confusing 表示“令人困惑的”,形容物。主语为I,所以形容词为confused。故将confusing 改为confused。
【点睛】第10处考查形容词化的分词形式,这些分词的用法恰恰是学生常感困惑的地方。英语学习中,经常见到很多短语中的分词已经形容词化,失去动作感,仅表示状态,用以描述特征或性质,单独出现,或以短语形式出现,可用作状语、表语、定语和补语。通常此类形容词中,现在分词形式表示“令人…的”,常用来修饰事物,而过去分词形式表示“感到…的”,经常用来修饰人。如该句中,主语为I,故应用confused作表语。
